Authors: Sitti Maesuri Patahuddin, PhD; and Trina Fizzanty, PhD
As Indonesia celebrates another year of independence and we embrace advancements in generative artificial intelligence (AI), a pivotal question arises: Can AI transform Indonesian education? The potential is vast but depends on our teachers’ foundational knowledge, critical thinking, and innovative pedagogy. Effective integration of AI into professional development requires that teachers not only be equipped with modern technologies but also possess the critical skills necessary to utilise these tools effectively. Such dual preparation will unlock AI’s full potential to enhance teacher autonomy and elevate educational standards.
This Independence Day, we envision a technological revolution in teacher professional development, vital for quality instruction and intrinsic to every citizen’s experience of true independence. While the integration of AI, particularly OpenAI, in teacher development promises to foster educational autonomy, rigorous research must first validate these methods.
The BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency) educational research team, in collaboration with the University of Canberra, conducted a study on how Indonesian teachers utilise OpenAI, aiming to understand AI’s integration into educational practices. This research underscores the urgent need for tailored AI applications that address the unique demands of the Indonesian educational landscape, thereby increasing the relevance and impact of technology in education.
A survey of over 3000 Indonesian teachers (58.74% females) reveals that about 55% use generative AI, albeit minimally in teaching. Those who do employ AI report greater independence and comfort in addressing the needs of their digitally native students. They utilise AI to develop diverse educational materials and to generate and evaluate questions that foster higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). This comprehensive use of AI not only streamlines material creation and lesson planning but also enhances the learning experience, making education more engaging and personalised.
However, teachers express concerns. They highlight that reliance on AI might reduce critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students, as quick solutions from AI could diminish the incentive for deeper engagement with learning materials. Moreover, increased usage of AI could decrease direct social interactions, which are crucial for developing interpersonal skills and supportive learning environments.
Theoretically, AI can serve as a catalyst for professional growth by providing real-time feedback in simulated classroom scenarios, thus allowing teachers to refine their teaching methods within a supportive environment. Furthermore, AI has affordances to significantly boost Pedagogical Content Knowledge (specialised knowledge needed to teach effectively) by offering customised content that aids teachers in understanding complex subjects and adopting innovative teaching strategies. This tailored approach not only meets diverse student needs but also empowers teachers to overcome various educational challenges.
In Indonesia, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application remains a challenge. AI can help bridge this gap by offering a platform where teachers can explore teaching ideas and critically refine their strategies. This melding of theory and practice can lead to a deeper understanding and practical application of educational concepts, thereby enhancing teaching effectiveness.
Just as independence symbolises autonomy, integrating AI into education should allow teachers to enhance their professional development independently. This autonomy can lead to more personalised and effective teaching practices, mirroring broader national goals. On this Independence Day, we reflect on our challenges, achievements and goals. Embracing AI should help prepare teachers and students for a technology-dominated future, ensuring that our educational programs evolve to meet these new challenges, thus maintaining our national independence and resilience.
Investing in AI research for education is crucial. It acknowledges our historical struggle for independence and lays the foundation for future generations to thrive in a competitive global economy. We must develop rigorous standards for AI in educational content, focusing on cultural relevance and pedagogical effectiveness. A national framework supported by continuous professional development for teachers should be established to ensure that our educational independence keeps pace with technological advancements. It is crucial that we balance the benefits and risks of AI in education to enrich rather than limit engagement with learning materials.
As we celebrate this Independence Day, let us commit to researching AI’s potential to enhance our educational systems, ensuring that our legacy of independence continues to inspire innovation and quality across all aspects of Indonesian society. It is time for legislators, educators, and academics to collaborate in exploring the integration of AI technologies for teacher professional development and for quality teaching in our schools. Through rigorous research and thoughtful implementation, we can position Indonesia as a vibrant hub of education, independence, and technological innovation.
This article was originally published on the Jakarta Post website.